{"id":171,"date":"2021-10-05T16:40:40","date_gmt":"2021-10-05T13:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/koza\/?p=171"},"modified":"2022-03-11T18:15:38","modified_gmt":"2022-03-11T15:15:38","slug":"wheat-and-barley-fertilization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orgatech.com.tr\/en\/wheat-and-barley-fertilization\/","title":{"rendered":"Wheat and Barley Fertilization"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Wheat and Barley Fertilization<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Wheat and barley, which have the largest production area in our country, are grown in very different soil types. Although it is grown in slightly acid to strongly alkaline (6.5-8.7) conditions in terms of soil pH demand, the best growth medium pH value is between 7.0-7.7. The most limiting factor for wheat and barley yield is the amount of precipitation and the distribution of precipitation. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer that should be given per decare according to the amount of precipitation and the distribution during the development period of the plant is of great importance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Considerations in Fertilizing Wheat;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

climatic features,
Good preparation of the soil for sowing seeds,
Number of seeds to be planted in M2 and seed quality,
Base fertilizer (subsoil) amount, type, application time and application method (spreading-band)
Top fertilizer amount and type in tillering and stalking,
Irrigation in insufficient precipitation,
The relationship between nitrogen fertilization and lying,
The relationship between nitrogen fertilization and rust disease,
Flour yield and quality,
Wheat for Bread-Drain, Barley for Feed-Beer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNDERGROUND FERTILIZATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It can be given together with the last tillage done before sowing the seed, or it can be given together with the seed sowing in the sowing made with the combined seeder (Seed and Fertilizer). Fertilizer depth is 5-6 cm to the right or left of the place where the seed falls and 6-8 cm. should be set down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TOP FERTILIZATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is the fertilization made from the beginning of tillering until the stemming period. In regions with low rainfall, top fertilizer should be applied at once with cultivation without irrigation, and top fertilization should be done twice in regions with sufficient rainfall or irrigation. The amount of top fertilizer (nitrogenous) to be given changes according to precipitation or irrigation status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Producers who top fertilize at once should apply the first top fertilizer towards the end of the tillering period, and the producers who do the top fertilization in two times should apply the first top fertilizer in the middle of tillering and the second one during the tillering period. In regions with very little rainfall, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be given in top fertilization can also be given together with the subsoil fertilizer given during the seed sowing period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Top fertilization time in wheat should be given before the critical development (end of tillering or stalking) periods as shown in Figure-2.

CAUTION :<\/strong>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In regions with sufficient precipitation, the beginning of spring precipitation may be less in some years, in this case the amount of second top fertilizer should be reduced. If it is not reduced, the water consumption of the plant increases due to the excess nitrogen and the amount of water in the soil is depleted in a short time and the phenomenon we call BURNING occurs in wheat.
In regions with sufficient rainfall, the use of more than enough nitrogen fertilizer with the thought of getting more than a decare of product causes the plant to sludge and may increase the damage level of disease factors such as whey.
Determination of nitrogen fertilizer types to be used in top fertilization.


Manufacturers who top fertilize at once should prefer 26% N CAN fertilizer or 46% N UREA fertilizer.
Manufacturers who top fertilize twice should use UREA or CAN in the first fertilization, and use 26% N CAN or 33% N Ammonium Nitrate in the second fertilization.

The point that the producers should pay attention to in determining the fertilizer type in top fertilization is that it rains within a few days after the fertilizer application and the weather is not sunny and hot. If it does not rain for 5-10 days after the top fertilizer is applied, and the weather is hot and sunny, a great deal of nitrogen loss from UREA fertilizer is in the form of ammonia (NH3) and the effect of fertilization is not seen. This loss is relatively low in 33% N Ammonium Nitrate and very little in CAN fertilizer. For this reason, the use of UREA should be avoided, especially in the second top fertilization.

LEAF FERTILIZATION<\/strong>
Use the foliar fertilizer of the company you trust in foliar fertilization, which is usually done together with weed spraying. It is better and more economical to prefer foliar fertilizers, which are in solid (powder) form and used by dissolving in the spraying tank, instead of foliar fertilizers prepared as colored liquids by dissolving solid fertilizers in water and acid. The total amount of effective substance (%N + %P205 +%K2 O+microelement) of solid foliar fertilizers is at least twice as much as liquid fertilizers. For this, foliar fertilization in wheat is required by choosing one of TOROS FERTILIZER’s 15-30-15+me or 20-20-20+me fertilizers in 25 kg packages called TOROSOL. It should be used between 0.5-1 kg in 100 liters of water.

When applying foliar fertilizer, it is necessary to pay attention to the following points.
It should be applied early in the morning or in the evening.
It should be given in very fine particles.
Fertilizer must be melted in the spraying tank first, and then pesticides must be added.
If necessary, foliar fertilizers should be applied twice with an interval of 10-15 days.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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The amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P205) and potassium removed from the soil according to the amount of grain and straw (straw) taken from the wheat plant are shown in Table-1 and Figure-3.<\/p>\n

FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS<\/p>\n

Fertilizer recommendations based on the amount of product to be taken and in regions with low rainfall without irrigation (recommendations given in the table may vary according to soil analysis).<\/p>\n\n\n

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CAUTION:<\/strong> Consider the following points when using fertilizer<\/p>\n

\u00a0 Using Super 20.20.0 compound fertilizer containing zinc instead of normal 20.20.0 compound fertilizer increases the yield by 20% as well as increases the wheat quality.
In the Black Sea Region (Acidic Soils), it should be preferred to give the same amount of TSP instead of DAP.
Apply the recommended amount of fertilizer in the form of bands (strip) with a combined seeder, by reducing the amount of fertilizer by 2 kg in compound fertilizer and 1 kg in DAP fertilizer.
In barley production, apply by reducing the base fertilizer by 2 kg and the top fertilizer by 3 kg.
Apply by reducing the amount of top fertilizer recommended in durum wheat and brewer’s barley cultivation by 3 kg.
If the amount of product to be taken per decare is more, apply by increasing the base fertilizer by 2 kg and the top fertilizer by 3 kg for each 100 kg of grain product.
Irrigation producers should irrigate immediately if there will be no precipitation after the second top fertilizer.
If there is salinity in the soil, prefer barley production instead of wheat. Barley is more resistant to soil salinity than wheat.
Use fertilizer by having a soil analysis. TOROS FERTILIZER provides free soil analysis and fertilizer recommendations to producers. Consult your dealer about this.<\/p>\n

IMPORTANT NUTRITIONAL ELEMENT IN WHEAT AND BARLEY<\/strong>
DEFICIENCIES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nitrogen Deficiency;<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deficiency symptoms are most severe in the first (lower) leaves. Starting from the tip of the leaf towards the leaf sheath, instead of the green color, first light green and then yellowish green color occurs.<\/p>\n

The internodes of the wheat plant are shortened, short plants are formed, the grains are not fully filled and remain wrinkled. Flour yield and quality (bread or pasta) decrease. As for the excess of nitrogen, the internodes lengthen, the wind and precipitation cause tilting, the water consumption of the plant increases, the quality decreases especially in durum wheat and brewer’s barley.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Nitrogen Deficiency in Wheat<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Phosphorus Deficiency;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is more common in the early stages of development and especially in regions with harsh winters. In the old (lower) leaves that emerge first, bluish green between the veins and Erguan (purplish) color occurs in the further areas. Seed setting is reduced and yield is very low.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Phosphorus Deficiency in Wheat

Potassium Deficiency;<\/strong>
Except for very sandy and light textured soils, deficiency symptoms are not seen much. Deficiency symptoms appear first in older (lower) leaves, as in nitrogen and phosphorus. Beginning from the tip of the leaf, the veins turn yellow in the later stages and the tip of the leaves dries up.

Potassium Deficiency in Wheat
Zinc Deficiency;<\/strong>

Deficiency symptoms appear more clearly during the stalking period. In young (top) leaves, deficiency symptoms are seen in the form of small light yellow green particles between the veins. In some cases, the leaves become narrow and small, the yield is greatly reduced.

<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Wheat and Barley Fertilization Wheat and barley, which have the largest production area in our country, are grown in very different soil types. Although it is grown in slightly acid to strongly alkaline (6.5-8.7) conditions in terms of soil pH demand, the best growth medium pH value is between 7.0-7.7. The most limiting factor for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":679,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[21,33],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t