{"id":171,"date":"2021-10-05T16:40:40","date_gmt":"2021-10-05T13:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.safirtema.com\/koza\/?p=171"},"modified":"2021-10-05T16:44:37","modified_gmt":"2021-10-05T13:44:37","slug":"hangi-nakliye-sistemi-daha-avantajlidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orgatech.com.tr\/?p=171","title":{"rendered":"Bu\u011fday ve Arpa G\u00fcbrelemesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu\u011fday ve Arpa G\u00fcbrelemesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizde en geni\u015f \u00fcretim alan\u0131 bulunan bu\u011fday ve arpa \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 toprak tiplerinde yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Toprak pH iste\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hafif asitten kuvvetli alkalin (6.5-8.7) \u015fartlarda yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen en iyi geli\u015fme ortam\u0131 pH de\u011feri 7.0-7.7 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu\u011fday ve arpada verimi en \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rlayan fakt\u00f6r ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n ve bitkinin geli\u015fme d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7inde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma g\u00f6re bir dekara verilmesi gereken azotlu g\u00fcbre miktar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu\u011fday\u0131n G\u00fcbrelenmesinde Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130klim \u00f6zellikleri,
    Topra\u011f\u0131n tohum ekimine iyi haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131,
    M2\u2019ye ekilecek tohum adedi ve tohumluk kalitesi,
    Taban g\u00fcbresi (Toprak alt\u0131) miktar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fidi, uygulama zaman\u0131 ve uygulama \u015fekli (serpme-bant)
    Karde\u015flenme ve sapa kalkmada \u00fcst g\u00fcbre miktar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fidi,
    Yetersiz ya\u011f\u0131\u015fta sulama,
    Azotlu g\u00fcbreleme ile yatma aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki,
    Azotlu g\u00fcbreleme ile pas hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki,
    Un rand\u0131man\u0131 ve kalite,
    Bu\u011fday\u0131n Ekmeklik-Makarnal\u0131k, Arpan\u0131n Yemlik-Biral\u0131k olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TOPRAK ALTI G\u00dcBRELEMES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohum ekiminden \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan son toprak i\u015flemesi ile birlikte verilebilece\u011fi gibi kombine mibzerle (Tohum ve G\u00fcbre) yap\u0131lan ekimde- tohum ekimi ile birlikte verilebilir. G\u00fcbre derinli\u011fi tohumun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerin 5-6 cm sa\u011f\u0131na veya soluna ve 6-8 cm. a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcST G\u00dcBRELEME<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karde\u015flenme ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan sapa kalkma d\u00f6nemine kadar yap\u0131lan g\u00fcbrelemedir. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 az olan y\u00f6relerde sulama yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131lan yeti\u015ftiricilikle \u00fcst g\u00fcbresi bir defada, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yeterli olan veya sulama yap\u0131lan y\u00f6relerde \u00fcst g\u00fcbreleme iki defada yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f veya sulama durumuna g\u00f6re verilecek \u00fcst g\u00fcbre (azotlu) miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcst g\u00fcbrelemeyi bir defada veren \u00fcreticiler karde\u015flenme d\u00f6neminin sonuna do\u011fru, \u00fcst g\u00fcbrelemeyi iki defada yapan \u00fcreticiler ilk \u00fcst g\u00fcbreyi karde\u015flenme ortas\u0131nda, ikinciyi ise sapa kalkma d\u00f6neminde vermelidirler. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok az olan y\u00f6relerde \u00fcst g\u00fcbrelemede verilecek azotlu g\u00fcbre miktar\u0131, tohum ekim d\u00f6neminde verilen toprak alt\u0131 g\u00fcbresi ile de birlikte verilebilir
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Bu\u011fdayda \u00fcst g\u00fcbreleme zaman\u0131 \u015eekil-2\u2019de g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi kritik geli\u015fme (karde\u015flenme sonu veya sapa kalkma) d\u00f6nemlerinden \u00f6nce verilmelidir.

D\u0130KKAT :<\/strong>

    Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yeterli olan y\u00f6relerde baz\u0131 y\u0131llar ilkbahar ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 az olabilir, bu durumda ikinci \u00fcst g\u00fcbre miktar\u0131 azalt\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Azalt\u0131lmamas\u0131 durumunda fazla azottan dolay\u0131 bitkinin su t\u00fcketimi artar ve topraktaki su miktar\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede t\u00fckenir ve bu\u011fdayda YANMA dedi\u011fimiz olay meydana gelir.
    Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 yeterli olan y\u00f6relerde dekardan fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile gere\u011finden fazla azotlu g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131m\u0131 bitkinin YATMA \u2018s\u0131na neden olur ve PAS gibi hastal\u0131k etmenlerinin zarar derecesini artt\u0131rabilir.
    \u00dcst g\u00fcbrelemede kullan\u0131lacak azotlu g\u00fcbre \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin belirlenmesi.


\u00dcst g\u00fcbrelemeyi bir defada yapan \u00fcreticiler %26 N CAN g\u00fcbresini veya %46 N \u00dcRE g\u00fcbresini tercih etmelidir.

\u00dcst g\u00fcbrelemeyi iki defada yapan \u00fcreticiler ilk g\u00fcbrelemede \u00dcRE veya CAN kullanmal\u0131, ikinci g\u00fcbrelemede %26 N CAN veya %33 N Amonyum Nitrat kullanmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.

\u00dcreticilerin \u00fcst g\u00fcbrelemede g\u00fcbre cinsi belirlemede dikkat edece\u011fi husus g\u00fcbre uygulamas\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra bir ka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ya\u011fmur ya\u011fmas\u0131 ve havalar\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015fli ve s\u0131cak ge\u00e7memesidir. \u00dcst g\u00fcbre uyguland\u0131ktan sonra 5-10 g\u00fcn ya\u011fmur ya\u011fm\u0131yor, hava s\u0131cak ve g\u00fcne\u015fli ise \u00dcRE g\u00fcbresinden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azot kayb\u0131 amonyak ( NH3 ) halinde olur ve g\u00fcbrelemenin etkisi az g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu kay\u0131p %33 N Amonyum Nitratta nispeten az, CAN g\u00fcbresinde ise \u00e7ok az olur. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle ikinci \u00fcst g\u00fcbrelemede \u00dcRE kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.

YAPRAKTAN G\u00dcBRELEME<\/strong>

Genellikle yabanc\u0131 ot ila\u00e7lanmas\u0131 ile birlikte yap\u0131lan yapraktan g\u00fcbrelemede g\u00fcvendi\u011finiz firman\u0131n yaprak g\u00fcbresini kullan\u0131n\u0131z. Kat\u0131 formda olan g\u00fcbrelerin su ve asitte eritilmesi ile renkli s\u0131v\u0131lar halinde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f yaprak g\u00fcbreleri yerine kat\u0131 (Toz) formda olan ve ila\u00e7lama tank\u0131 i\u00e7inde eritilerek kullan\u0131lan yaprak g\u00fcbrelerini tercih etmek daha iyi ve daha ekonomiktir. Kat\u0131 yaprak g\u00fcbrelerinin etkili madde (%N + % P205 +%K2 O+mikroelement) miktar\u0131 toplam\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 g\u00fcbrelerin en az\u0131ndan iki kat\u0131 kadard\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in TOROS G\u00dcBRE\u2019nin TOROSOL adl\u0131 25 kg ambalajlar i\u00e7inde bulunan 15-30-15+me veya 20-20-20+me g\u00fcbrelerinden biri tercih edilerek bu\u011fdayda yapraktan g\u00fcbreleme yapmak gerekir. 100 litre suda 0.5-1 kg aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.

Yapraktan g\u00fcbre uygularken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlara dikkat etmek gerekir.
Sabah erken veya ak\u015fam \u00fczeri uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\u00c7ok ince zerrecikler halinde verilmelidir.
\u0130la\u00e7lama tank\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00f6nce g\u00fcbre eritilmeli sonra, zirai ila\u00e7 ilave edilmelidir.
Yaprak g\u00fcbreleri gerekirse 10-15 g\u00fcn ara ile iki defa uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n

Bu\u011fday bitkisinde dekardan al\u0131nan dane ve sap (saman) miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re topraktan kald\u0131r\u0131lan azot (N), fosfor (P205) ve potasyum miktarlar\u0131 Tablo-1 ve \u015eekil-3 \u2018te g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

G\u00dcBRE TAVS\u0130YELER\u0130<\/strong>
Sulama yap\u0131lmadan sadece ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 az olan y\u00f6relerde ve al\u0131nacak \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcbre tavsiyeleri (Toprak analizine g\u00f6re, tabloda verilen tavsiyeler de\u011fi\u015febilir).<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n

D\u0130KKAT:<\/strong> G\u00fcbre kullan\u0131m\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131n<\/p>\n

    Normal 20.20.0 kompoze g\u00fcbre yerine i\u00e7inde \u00e7inko bulunan S\u00fcper 20.20.0 kompoze g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 verimi %20 kadar att\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bu\u011fday kalitesini de y\u00fckseltir.
    Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinde (Asidik Topraklar ) DAP yerine ayn\u0131 miktar TSP verilmesi tercih edilmelidir.
    Kombine mibzerle bant (\u015ferit) halinde g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131mda tavsiye edilen g\u00fcbre miktar\u0131n\u0131 kompoze g\u00fcbrede 2 kg DAP g\u00fcbresinde 1 Kg azaltarak uygulay\u0131n\u0131z.
    Arpa \u00fcretiminde taban g\u00fcbreyi 2 kg, \u00fcst g\u00fcbreyi 3 kg azaltarak uygulay\u0131n\u0131z.
    Makarnal\u0131k bu\u011fdayda ve biral\u0131k arpa yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde tavsiye edilen \u00fcst g\u00fcbre miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 3 kg azaltarak uygulay\u0131n\u0131z.
    Dekardan al\u0131nacak \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla olmas\u0131 durumunda her 100 kg dane \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in taban g\u00fcbresini 2 kg, \u00fcst g\u00fcbreyi 3 kg artt\u0131rarak uygulay\u0131n\u0131z.
    Sulama yapan \u00fcreticiler ikinci \u00fcst g\u00fcbreden sonra ya\u011f\u0131\u015f gelmeyecek ise hemen sulama yapmal\u0131d\u0131r.
    Toprakta tuzluluk varsa bu\u011fday yerine arpa \u00fcretimini tercih ediniz. Arpa bu\u011fdaya oranla toprak tuzlulu\u011funa daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.
    Toprak tahlili yapt\u0131rarak g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131n\u0131z. TOROS G\u00dcBRE \u00fcreticilerine \u00fccretsiz toprak tahlili yapmakta ve g\u00fcbre tavsiyesinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu konuda bayiniz ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

BU\u011eDAY VE ARPADA G\u00d6R\u00dcLEN \u00d6NEML\u0130 BES\u0130N ELEMENT\u0130
NOKSANLIKLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Azot Noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/strong><\/p>\n

Noksanl\u0131k belirtileri ilk (alt) \u00e7\u0131kan yapraklarda en \u015fiddetli olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yapra\u011f\u0131n u\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak yaprak k\u0131n\u0131na do\u011fru ye\u015fil renk yerine \u00f6nceleri a\u00e7\u0131k ye\u015fil ve daha sonra sar\u0131ms\u0131 ye\u015fil renk olu\u015fur<\/p>\n

Bu\u011fday bitkisinin bo\u011fum aralar\u0131 k\u0131sal\u0131r, k\u0131sa boylu bitkiler olu\u015fur, daneler tam dolmaz, buru\u015fuk kal\u0131r. Un rand\u0131man\u0131 ve kalitesi (ekmek veya makarna) azal\u0131r. Azot fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ise bo\u011fum aralar\u0131 uzar, r\u00fczgar ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015ftan yatma g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, bitkinin su t\u00fcketimi artar, \u00f6zellikle makarnal\u0131k bu\u011fdaylarda ve biral\u0131k arpada kalite azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"
Bu\u011fday’da Azot Noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fosfor Noksal\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geli\u015fmenin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde ve \u00f6zellikle k\u0131\u015f\u0131 sert ge\u00e7en y\u00f6relerde daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130lk \u00e7\u0131kan ya\u015fl\u0131 (alt) yapraklarda damar aralar\u0131nda mavimsi ye\u015fil ve daha ileri sahalarda Erguan (morumsu ) rengi meydana gelir. Tohum ba\u011flama azal\u0131r ve verim \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Bu\u011fday’da Fosfor Noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131

Potasyum Noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/strong>
\u00c7ok kumsal ve hafif b\u00fcnyeli topraklar hari\u00e7 noksanl\u0131k belirtisi fazla g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. Noksanl\u0131k belirtileri Azot ve fosforda oldu\u011fu gibi \u00f6nce ya\u015fl\u0131 (alt) yapraklarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yapra\u011f\u0131n u\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131ndan itibaren damar aralar\u0131 sarar\u0131r daha ileri safhalarda kahverengine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek yapraklar\u0131n u\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131 kurur.

Bu\u011fday’da Potasyum Noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131
\u00c7inko Noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/strong>

Noksanl\u0131k belirtileri sapa kalkma d\u00f6neminde daha belirgin olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Gen\u00e7 (tepe) yapraklarda damar aralar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131k sar\u0131 ye\u015fil danecikler halinde noksanl\u0131k belirtileri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Baz\u0131 hallerde yapraklar daral\u0131r ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kal\u0131r, verim \u00e7ok azal\u0131r.

<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu\u011fday ve Arpa G\u00fcbrelemesi \u00dclkemizde en geni\u015f \u00fcretim alan\u0131 bulunan bu\u011fday ve arpa \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 toprak tiplerinde yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Toprak pH iste\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hafif asitten kuvvetli alkalin (6.5-8.7) \u015fartlarda yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen en iyi geli\u015fme ortam\u0131 pH de\u011feri 7.0-7.7 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu\u011fday ve arpada verimi en \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rlayan fakt\u00f6r ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":679,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[41,43,21,42,32,44,22,33],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t